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$\fbox{\Huge\bf ALE}$

The Attribute Logic Engine

User's Guide

with TRALE extensions

Version 4.0 Beta

December 2003

(except in extensions as indicated)

Contents
Preface - Version 4.0
Preface - Version 3.0
Preface - Version 2.0
Preface - Version Beta
Introduction
TRALE Introduction
Prolog Preliminaries
- Terms
- Space and Comments
- Running Prolog
- Queries
- Running ALE
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Running TRALE
- Compiling a Grammar
- Exiting Prolog and Breaking
- Saved States
Feature Structures, Types and Descriptions
- Inheritance Hierarchies
- Feature Structures
- Subsumption and Unification
  - Subsumption
  - Unification
- Inequations
- Type System
- Interaction with the signature
- TRALE-EXTENSION:TRALE Signatures
  - TRALE-EXTENSION:Signature specification files
  - TRALE-EXTENSION:Subtype covering
- Extensionality
- a_/1 Atoms
- Attribute-Value Logic
  - Enforcement of Inequations
- Macros
- TRALE-EXTENSION:TRALE Descriptions
- Functional Descriptions
- Type Constraints
- Example: The Zebra Puzzle
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Complex-antecedent constraints
Definite Clauses
- Type Constraints Revisited
- Co-routining
  - Shared variables in conditionals
Phrase Structure Grammars
- Lexical Entries
- Empty Categories
- ALE Lexical Rules
- Grammar Rules
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Test sequences
  - TRALE-EXTENSION:Test files
  - TRALE-EXTENSION:Test queries
    - TRALE-EXTENSION:Basic test queries
    - TRALE-EXTENSION:Testing with descriptions
TRALE Lexical Rule Compiler
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Introduction
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Using the lexical rule compiler
  - TRALE-EXTENSION:Input syntax
  - TRALE-EXTENSION:Interpretation
Topological Parsing
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Introduction
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Running TGC
  - TRALE-EXTENSION:Compiling Grammars
  - TRALE-EXTENSION:Using the Parser
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Grammars
- TRALE-EXTENSION:The Lexicon
  - TRALE-EXTENSION:Lexical Categories
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Edges
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Syntax of A Topological Grammar
- TRALE-EXTENSION:TGC Error and Warning Messages
Compiling ALE Programs
- File Management
- Compiling Programs
- Compile-Time Error Messages
Running and Debugging ALE Programs
- Testing the Signature
- Evaluating Descriptions
- Hiding Types and Features
- Evaluating Definite Clause Queries
- Displaying Grammars
- Executing Grammars: Parsing
- Executing Grammars: Generation
- Mini-interpreter (parsing only)
- Subsumption Checking (parsing only)
- TRALE-EXTENSION:The Chart Display
  - TRALE-EXTENSION:Installation and Customization
  - TRALE-EXTENSION:Working with the Chart Display
    - TRALE-EXTENSION:Debugging
    - TRALE-EXTENSION:Generation
- Source-Level Debugger
[incr TSDB()]
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Installing [incr TSDB()]
Pretty-printing Hooks
- Portraying feature structures
- Portraying inequations
- A sample pretty-printing hook
TRALE Output
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Saving of outputs
- TRALE-EXTENSION:Grisu interface support
ALE Keyword Summary
Flag Summary
HDRUG: A Graphical User Environment for Natural Language Processing in Prolog
Pleuk Grammar Development Environment
References
Sample Grammars
- English Syllabification Grammar
- Categorial Grammar with Cooper Storage
- Simple Generation Grammar
Error and Warning Messages
- Error Messages
- Warning Messages
BNF for ALE
- TRALE-EXTENSION:BNF for TRALE
Reference Card
Bibliography
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TRALE User's Manual